Fluid gasket sealing composition



Patented Oct. 7, 1952 FLUID GASKET SEALING COMPOSTTICN Chester M. White, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to Genesee Research Corporation,

Rochester,

N. Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application September 17, 1947, Serial No. 774,680

3 Claims.

The present invention relates generally to the art of stabilizing castor oil and its derivatives and is more particularly concerned with the production of stabilized castor oil, blown castor oils of various consistencies, and acetylated castor oil, or stabilized mixtures of any of these oils.

Workers in the art of castor oil use are familiar with the problem of so-called gumming or setting up of castor oil and its derivatives upon standing. For many uses of castor oil this has been and still is a serious problem, as will be more particularly pointed out hereinafter. Just what causes castor oil or its derivatives to gum or set up is not entirely known but the fact remains that when these oils are allowed to stand for any time they gradually thicken to a point where they refuse to flow and finally become hard and unworkable. The gumming or setting up is probably due to polymerization, although it may well be the result of oxidation. It is perhaps a combination of the two but, be that as it may, the present invention is limited in no way to the actual cause of the-gumming'or setting up.

It is, accordingly, one of the salient features and primary objects of the present invention to stabilize castor oil, whether of the cold or hot pressed variety, as well as blown castor oils of various consistencies and acetylated castor oil or mixtures thereof.

It is also an object of the invention to produce 1 several compositions of matter employing the stabilized oils of the invention where oil stability is particularly critical.

The foregoing and other objects of the invention are achieved through the very simple expedient of merely adding to the oils a small percentage of potassium hydroxide (KOH), thus to form in the oils in situ a potassium soap. has been found that this in situ formation of a small amount of potassium soap serves effectively to stabilize castor oil andits derivatives and inhibit gum formation and setting up through standing. Stated differently, the in situ formation of a small amount of potassium soap in the oils serves to inhibit polymerization and/or oxidation of the oils, resulting in gumming. or setting up.

Potassium soap is formed merely by adding to 2 of, a small amount of KOH in the form of solid 90% KOH, although it is understood, of course, that the small amount of KOH could be, and usually is, added in a solvent medium such as water or an organic solvent, such as a glycol or an alcohol-ether mixture.

The amount of KOH added to provide in situ formation of potassium soap depends upon the character of the oil, i. e., vhether it is ordinary castor oil, acetylated castor oil or whether it is a blown castor oil. It has been observed that as the extent of blowing the castor oil is increased more soap is required to preventthe oil from setting up. In every case there is a minimum of soap content which will be effective to render the oil stable and likewise in every case .there is a maximum soap content above which the soap crystallizes from the oil or forms a gel which prevents the oil from flowing. In the case "of blown castor oil, the optimum soap range becomes shorter as the extent of blowing increases. Both ordinary castor oil and acetylated castor oil require, generally speaking, less. potassium soap than blown castor oil. There is, however, a maximum soap content above which ordinary castor oil and acetylated castor oil tend to set up. It has been found that with the various grades of castor oil and castor oil derivatives one must use at least 0.1% KOH as a minimum to effect in situ formation of sufficient potassium soap to inhibit gelling or setting up. With all grades of oil there is a maximum of 1.0% KOH since above this point the in situ-formed soap willbe present in an amount sufiicient to crystal lize from the oil or to form a gel which prevents the oil from flowing.

The foregoing minimum and maximum KOH additions have been determined experimentally. There has been added to castor oil and several of its derivatives various percentages of potassium hydroxide which produced corresponding percentages of soap. The samples were placed in an oven, maintained at 210 F. and these were examined every day and the flow of the samples was noted. Data on several castor oils and castor oil derivatives, indicating maximum and minimum KOH addition, is given in the following the castor oil or its derivatives or mixtures theretablet Soap content (based on added KOH) Grade of oil Minimum Maximum P-S-Acetylsted Castor Oil 0 1% KOH 1 0% KOH Castor Oil 0 2% KOH 1 0% KOH #300 Blown Castor Oil n v 0.4% KOH 1 0% KOH #900 Blown Castor Oil Increase in viscoslty f the 0.5% KOH 1 0% KOH #1200 Blown Castor Oil castor Oll by blowing. 0 6% KOH 10% KOH #30 Blown Castor 0-11 J l 0% KOH l 0% KOH Chemical composition: Glyceryl-tri-aceto-ricinoleate.

General appearance: Bright, clear andfree from moisture and suspended matter.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Property Min. Ave. Max Property, Temp. (approx) Density@15 O. (lb/gal) 8.03 8.07 8.16 Flash Point 293 C. Sp. Gr. 15 /4" C .966 .911 .976 Fire Point 316 C. Ref.1ndex@250 1.4680 1.4685 1. 4690 Pour Point -so. Color (Lovioond) l0 Y Y Viscosity 40 0., 91.0 cp. Volatile Matter .percent. 0 .75 1. 50 (O. G. S.) {70 0., 32.5 cp. Ash trace 100 0., 12.8.

In general, the amount of potassium soap CHEMICAL PROPERTIES formed in the oil will approximate five times the amount by Weight of added KOH. Thus, the Property M111 Avc. Max. minimum soap content will be 0.5% and the maxlmum soap content 5.0%. 1 Acid Value The variouscastor oils which may be stabilize ici' iviiggi fi iffij 1: 113, {'58 is? in accordance with the present invention are gg ggfg 3g 5; g; identified by the following physical and chemical unsa cnmtij p t .25 .50 .75 o t Hehner Value 7 ill 95 9t 20 Specifications of castor oil SOLUBILITY Chemical composition: Processed castor 011. Water Insoluble- General appearance: Bright, clear, viscous liquid, Alcohol Partly free from moisture and suspended matter. 25 to soluble-- Esters Soluble. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Ketones Soluble.

' I Ethers I Soluble. Density 15 C. (1b./ga1) 8.55 Aliphatic hydrocarbons Soluble. sp. gr. 15 C./4 C 1.02 Aromatic hydrocarbons soluble. Ref index 25 C 1 4851 Color (e. H.) -IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 13 Typical analysis of Castor Oil Volatile F (percent) Chemical composition: Process ed castor oil. Pour 41 General appearance: Bright, clear, and free from m 9 218 moisture and suspended matter. Fire point (C. 307 viscosity; p I PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Engler 100 C 3000 1 2 00 F HJ o- Ref. index, 25 C -1.4813 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 1?- fw B94 V1scos1ty (Engler secs. 100 C.) 313 Acid value 5 I Iodine value .1 52 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Sap. value 210 v 45 F. F. A. (percent as oleic) 2.1 SOLUBILITY Acid value 4.2 water I Iodine value 81.8 Alcohols Sap. value 191.3

Cold 5 Hot Specifications of #900 castor oil i% u 5 Acid value Under 1 1 Ethers S Iodine value 75 (approximate) I not controlled 21 3322 2 2312232223: 'T g Refractive index 1.4827 20 c.

v "1" Specific gravity 15 C.: I--insolub1e. 0-990 Sso1uble. AVG. 0.995 PSpartly soluble. Max. 0.998

Viscosity 100 F 10,000 S. U. V. Sp ifi t n 'P8 caster Oil Viscosity 210 F 260 s. U. v.

. Specifications of #1 castor oil General appearance: Bright, clear, and free from moisture and suspended matter.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES """Property 1 Min; Ave. Max. Property Temp. (approx.)

Sp. Gr. 15.5 C./4 C .958 .059 .962 Melting Point..." 10 C. to 18 C. Ref. Inc. @259 C. 1.4470 1. 4775 1. 4780 Viscosit 2 C., 675. cp Color (Lovibond) 2.,0Y 3.0Y 4.01 (C 40 0., 250. cp Volatile Matter. .30 50 0., 50. cp. Ash trace 0., 16.0 cp.

An important use for the stabilized castor oils of the present invention is in adhesive or cementing compositions having an enhanced adhesive tenacity, especially to metal surfaces. Cementing compositions may be prepared, employing the stabilized castor oils of the invention, which are of liquid consistency and which remain soft and pliable so that the seal may be broken. By remaining liquid in. consistency, through the virtue of castor oil stabilization, the cementing composition may be applied by means of a brush.

Employing the stabilized castor oils one may produce a cementin composition which forms films which are flexible, durable and inordinately resistant to water and many organic solvents both at low and moderately high temperatures. Cementing compositions of this character find particular utility in automative use, such as gasket cements.

Preferably, the stabilized castor oil or castor oil derivative forms the basis for the cementing or sealing composition and. mixed therewith are rosin, solvents and fillers. Illustrative of a liquid cementing or sealing composition containing the stabilized castor oil or derivatives is the following:

49-55% blown castor oil (#40) 1.15%-4.60% KOH (45%) 8-12% rosin 14-17% solvents 17-23% fillers As stated, the castor oil in the foregoing formulation may be ordinary castor oil or it may be blown or acetylated castor oil, or various mixtures thereof. When ordinary castor oil and acetylated castor oil are employed, less KOH is necessary.

Rosin is preferred in the composition, although other natural or synthetic resinous materials could be employed, such as the well-known vinyl, alkyd and melamine resins. With respect to this resinous constituent, increase over the percentage range indicated might cause hardening on exposure to high temperature, while decrease in the range will not give suflicient tackiness to the composition. Various low-boiling .solvents or mixtures thereof may be employed such as acetone, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl aloehol, etc., although a mixture of acetone and methyl alcohol is preferred.

Any convenient filler or mixture of fillers may he employed such as asbestine pulp, talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, magnesia, kieselguhr, mica and lampblack. Mica and lampblack are preferred.

In the preparation of the cementing composi- 6 tion, it is preferable to add the KOH to the eastor oil, dissolved in solvents, and then heat slightly. After heating the fillers may be added and the mixture stirred until uniform consistency is reached.

Falling specifically within the foregoing general formulation of cementing composition is the following example:

52.00% #40 castor oil (blown) 1. 25% KQH 10.00% [08111 8.00% acetonemethy }solven1s 9130% arat-one 270 (mica) fillers free all and soap 9.30 mica o-aooo 00% lampblack This formulation provides a particularly useful liquid gasket sealing composition which may be applied by means of a brush.

What is claimed is:

1. A fluid gasket sealing composition having approximately the following formula:

Per cent Blown castor oil -1 49-55 KOH (45%) 1.15-4.60 Rosin 8-12 Solvents (low-boiling) 14-17 Filler 17-28 2. A fluid gasket sealing composition haying approximately the following formula:

Per cent Blown castor oil 52.00 KOH (45%) 1.25 Rosin 10.00 Acetone 8.00 Methyl alcohol 8.15 Aratone 270 (mica) 9.30 Mica 0-3000 9.30 Lampblack 2.00

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,888,270 Hippie Nov. 22, 1932 2,066,958 Brownback Jan. 5, 1937 2,217,723 Benoit Oct. 15, 1940 2,305,228 Woodhouse et al. Dec. 15, 1942 2,327,450 Parker Aug. 24, 1943 2,337,650 Dolian 1 Dec. 28, 1943 2,345,585 Clark et a1. Apr. 4, 1944 2,382,931 Woodhouse et al. Aug. 14, 1945 2,420,127 Doelling May 6, 1947 2,517,044 Smith 1- Aug. 1, 1950 

3. A FLUID GASKET SEALING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 8-12% OF A RESINUOUS MATERIAL, 17-23% OF A FILLER, 14-17% OF A LOW-BOILING SOLVENT AND A BASE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 49-55% OF A NON-ESTERFIED OIL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CASTOR OIL, BLOWN CASTOR AND ACETYLATED CASTOR OIL AND 1.15% TO 4.60% OF ADDED KOH (45%), SAID OIL, BY VIRTUE OF THE PRESENCE OF IN SITU FORMED POTASSIUM SOAP, BEING FLUID AND FLOWABLE AND EFFECTIVELY STABILIZED AGAINST GUMMING AND SETTING-UP CHARACTERISTIC OF UNTREATED OIL. 